文/刘宝彩/天津

为进一步帮英语逻辑思维写作学习者系统掌握英语作文逻辑词使用，本文按 “基础夯实 — 进阶应用 — 高阶实战” 的梯度，补充设计了专项练习题，覆盖单句辨析、段落衔接、完整作文逻辑优化，作文框架。并附详细解析与应用技巧：一、基础题型：逻辑词与单句逻辑匹配（夯实基础）​1. 题型 1：根据逻辑关系选逻辑词（每空 1 分，共 8 分）​请判断句子前后的逻辑关系（并列 / 因果 / 转折 / 目的 / 举例），并从方框中选择最恰当的逻辑词填空。​（方框选项：so, while, in order to, such as, because, besides, however, finally）​（1）She practices playing the piano every day, ______ she wants to win the music competition.（______关系）​（2）Some students like to study in the morning, ______ others prefer to study at night.（______关系）​（3）We need to save water, ______ there is a shortage of fresh water in many areas.（______关系）​（4）He bought many snacks, ______ chocolate, cookies and candies, for the party.（______关系）​（5）I planned to go to the park yesterday; ______, it rained heavily and I stayed at home.（______关系）​（6）She can speak English well, ______ she is also good at French.（______关系）​（7）They started early ______ arrive at the museum on time.（______关系）​（8）He tried his best to solve the problem, ______ he still failed.（______关系）​2. 题型 2：用指定逻辑词改写简单句（每句 2 分，共 6 分）​请用括号内的逻辑词，将两个简单句合并为一个连贯的句子，保持原意不变。​（1）He is very tired. He still finishes his work.（though）​（2）We can go to the library. We can borrow some books there.（so that）（3）There are many outdoor activities. Hiking and camping are popular.（such as）​3. 答案与解析​题型 1 答案与逻辑关系​（1）because（因果关系：“每天练琴” 的原因是 “想赢比赛”）​（2）while（对比转折关系：“早上学” 与 “晚上学” 的对比）​（3）because（因果关系：“节水” 的原因是 “淡水短缺”）​（4）such as（举例关系：“巧克力、饼干” 是 “零食” 的例子）​（5）however（转折关系：“计划去公园” 与 “下雨留家” 的转折）​（6）besides（递进关系：“英语好” 之外，还 “擅长法语”）​（7）in order to（目的关系：“早出发” 的目的是 “准时到博物馆”）​（8）however（转折关系：“尽力解题” 但 “仍失败”）​题型 2 答案​（1）Though he is very tired, he still finishes his work.（though 引导让步状语从句，注意不可加 but）​（2）We can go to the library so that we can borrow some books there.（so that 引导目的状语从句，表 “为了”）​（3）There are many outdoor activities such as hiking and camping, which are popular.（such as 后接名词短语，用定语从句补充 “受欢迎” 的细节，避免接完整句子）​二、进阶题型：段落逻辑词优化与补全（衔接语篇）​1. 题型 1：修正段落中不恰当的逻辑词（每处 2 分，共 10 分）​以下段落中部分逻辑词使用错误，请找出并修改，使段落逻辑连贯。​Original:​Firstly, reading can improve our vocabulary. And, it helps us understand different cultures. For example, when we read a novel set in France, we can learn about French customs. So, reading also has a problem. Some books have wrong information. Finally, we should choose books carefully to get useful knowledge.​修改要求：指出 3 处错误并修正，说明修改理由。​2. 题型 2：给无逻辑词的段落加逻辑词（每空 2 分，共 10 分）​请在空白处填入合适的逻辑词（如 To begin with, Moreover, For instance, On the other hand, In short），并说明选择理由。​______ (1), doing sports is good for our physical health. It strengthens our muscles and improves our heart function. ______ (2), it is good for our mental health. ______ (3), playing team sports like basketball can help us learn teamwork. ______ (4), excessive exercise may cause injuries. We need to control the time and intensity of sports. ______ (5), sports are beneficial but we should do them properly.​3. 答案与解析​题型 1 修改答案与理由​错误：And → 修正为Moreover（理由：前句讲 “提升词汇”，后句讲 “了解文化”，是递进关系，And 表简单并列，力度不足）​错误：So → 修正为However（理由：前文均讲阅读的好处，此处转折讲 “问题”，So 表因果，逻辑矛盾）​错误：Finally → 修正为Therefore（理由：前文讲 “部分书有错误信息”，此处得出 “选书要谨慎” 的结论，Finally 表顺序，不表因果总结）​修改后段落：​Firstly, reading can improve our vocabulary. Moreover, it helps us understand different cultures. For example, when we read a novel set in France, we can learn about French customs. However, reading also has a problem. Some books have wrong information. Therefore, we should choose books carefully to get useful knowledge.​题型 2 答案与理由​(1) To begin with（理由：开篇引出 “运动有益身体健康” 的第一个论点，符合段落 “总分总” 的逻辑起点）​(2) Moreover（理由：从 “身体健康” 递进至 “心理健康”，补充运动的另一好处，衔接自然）​(3) For instance（理由：用 “篮球” 举例说明 “团队运动培养合作精神”，让 “心理健康” 的论点更具体）​(4) On the other hand（理由：转折引出 “过度运动受伤” 的弊端，平衡前文的正面论述，体现辩证思维）​(5) In short（理由：总结 “运动有益但需适度”，收束段落，比 In conclusion 更简洁，适合短段落）​三、高阶题型：完整作文逻辑词应用与优化（实战提升）​1. 题型 1：根据逻辑词补全议论文框架（15 分）​题目：Should Schools Ban Junk Food?（学校是否应禁止垃圾食品）​要求：围绕给出的逻辑词，补全论点和论据，确保逻辑连贯，字数 100-120 词。逻辑词提示：Firstly, Because, For example, Besides, However, In addition, Finally​作文框架：​Should Schools Ban Junk Food?​______ (1), schools should ban junk food. ______ (2) junk food is high in sugar and fat, which is bad for students’ health. ______ (3), many students who eat junk food every day become overweight. ______ (4), banning junk food can help students develop healthy eating habits. They will learn to choose nutritious food like fruits and vegetables. ______ (5), some students may feel unhappy because they like junk food. ______ (6), schools can provide healthy alternatives that taste good, such as fruit salads. ______ (7), banning junk food is good for students’ long-term health, so schools should take this measure.​2. 题型 2：修改逻辑混乱的作文片段（15 分）​以下是关于 “Online Shopping” 的作文片段，逻辑词使用混乱，请修正并说明修改思路（至少修正 4 处）。​Original:​Online shopping is popular. So, it is convenient. Because you can buy things at home. And, it has many choices. Such as clothes, electronics and books. But, it also has problems. For example, you can’t try clothes on. So, you may buy the wrong size. However, online shops have return policies. Finally, online shopping is good.​3. 答案与解析​题型 1 补全答案​Should Schools Ban Junk Food?​Firstly, schools should ban junk food. Because junk food is high in sugar and fat, which is bad for students’ health. For example, many students who eat junk food every day become overweight and have trouble concentrating in class. Besides, banning junk food can help students develop healthy eating habits. They will learn to choose nutritious food like fruits and vegetables instead of chips or candies. However, some students may feel unhappy because they like the taste of junk food. In addition, schools can provide healthy alternatives that taste good, such as fruit salads or whole-grain cookies. Finally, banning junk food is good for students’ long-term health, so schools should take this measure to protect their students.​（解析：每个逻辑词均对应明确逻辑 ——Firstly 引论点，Because 表原因，For example 举实例，Besides 递进好处，However 转折异议，In addition 补充解决方案，Finally 总结结论，形成 “论点 - 理由 - 例证 - 让步 - 解决 - 总结” 的完整逻辑链）​题型 2 修改答案与思路​修改后片段：​Online shopping is very popular. Firstly, it is convenient because you can buy things at home without going out. Besides, it has many choices such as clothes, electronics and books. However, it also has problems. For example, you can’t try clothes on, so you may buy the wrong size. Luckily, online shops have flexible return policies to solve this problem. In conclusion, online shopping has both advantages and disadvantages, but it is still a good way to shop.​修改思路：​去掉冗余的 “So”，用Firstly引出第一个优势 “方便”，使结构更清晰；​合并 “Because you can buy things at home” 为状语从句，避免碎片化，逻辑更紧凑；​用Besides替代 “And”，表 “方便” 之外的另一优势 “选择多”，递进关系更明确；​“Such as...”独立成句错误，修正为“choices such as...”，符合语法规则；用Luckily替代 “However”，“退货政策” 是对 “买错尺码” 的解决方案，非转折；​用In conclusion替代 “Finally”，总结 “利弊共存但仍实用”，收束更合理。​这些练习题覆盖了从单句到完整作文的逻辑词应用场景，你可以先独立完成，再对照解析梳理思路。如果在练习中对某类逻辑关系（如让步、递进）或特定文体（如说明文）的逻辑词使用。总结：《提供英语作文逻辑词使用专项练习题（基础题型 进阶题型 高阶题型）》一文，总结三点：一、整体设计定位、二、分题型核心内容、三、整体价值。一、整体设计定位​该专项练习题以 “梯度化提升逻辑词运用能力” 为核心目标，覆盖英语作文中常见的逻辑关系（如并列、转折、因果、递进、举例、总结等），通过基础、进阶、高阶三个层级的题型设计，适配不同英语水平学习者，帮助其从 “认知逻辑词” 到 “灵活运用逻辑词优化作文连贯性” 逐步突破。​二、分题型核心内容​（一）基础题型：夯实逻辑词认知与基础运用​设计目的：帮助学习者识别常见逻辑词、明确其对应逻辑关系，掌握 “单逻辑词 + 简单句” 的基础搭配。​核心题型示例：​逻辑词分类：将 “and, but, so, because, for example” 按 “并列关系”“转折关系”“因果关系”“举例关系” 归类；​简单句填空：根据前后句逻辑，补全句子（如 “Tom likes reading, ______ his sister prefers painting.” 选填 “but”）。​考查重点：基础逻辑词的含义识别、常见逻辑关系的判断、单逻辑词与简单语境的匹配。​（二）进阶题型：强化逻辑词与语境的深度适配​设计目的：突破 “单一逻辑词” 局限，聚焦 “同逻辑关系下不同逻辑词的辨析”“逻辑词与复杂句 / 短段落的搭配”，提升语境化运用能力。​核心题型示例：​逻辑词辨析：区分同义 / 近义逻辑词差异（如 “however” 与 “but” 的用法区别，选择填空：“She is tired, ______, she still finishes her work.” 选填 “however”）；​短段落补全：给包含 2-3 种逻辑关系的短段落（如 “周末计划”），补全缺失的逻辑词（如 “First, I will visit my grandma. ______, I will go to the library. ______ the library closes early, I will go home to read.” 依次填 “Then”“If”）；​病句修改：找出句子中逻辑词使用错误（如 “He didn’t go to school, because he was ill.” 改为 “He didn’t go to school because he was ill.”，修正多余逗号）。​考查重点：逻辑词的语法规则（如位置、标点）、同逻辑关系下逻辑词的语义差异、逻辑词与多句衔接的合理性。​（三）高阶题型：实现逻辑词与篇章写作的融合​设计目的：将逻辑词运用融入完整作文场景，考查 “逻辑词构建段落逻辑”“逻辑词优化篇章连贯性”“根据写作意图选择精准逻辑词” 的综合能力。​核心题型示例：​段落逻辑构建：给定主题（如 “Advantages of Reading”）和 3 个分论点，用恰当逻辑词（如 “First of all, Besides, Finally”“For one thing, For another”）串联成连贯段落；​篇章修改：给出一篇逻辑松散的短文（如 “My Summer Vacation”），找出逻辑断层处，补充或替换逻辑词（如在 “visited Beijing” 与 “climbed the Great Wall” 之间添加 “During the trip,”，在 “liked Beijing” 与 “will go again” 之间添加 “Therefore”）；​情景写作：根据写作任务（如 “给朋友写邮件推荐电影”），要求在文中至少使用 3 种逻辑关系的逻辑词（如举例 “For instance”、因果 “so”、转折 “though”），且逻辑词使用符合邮件语境。​考查重点：逻辑词对篇章结构的支撑作用、逻辑词与写作主题 / 文体的适配性、通过逻辑词体现的写作逻辑性与连贯性。​三、整体价值​梯度性：从 “认知 - 辨析 - 运用” 逐步进阶，符合语言学习规律，适配从基础到进阶的学习者需求；​实用性：聚焦英语作文高频逻辑关系与逻辑词，题型贴近真实写作场景（如段落构建、篇章修改），直接服务于作文得分提升；​针对性：精准解决学习者常见问题（如逻辑词混淆、语境适配错误、篇章逻辑松散），强化 “逻辑词是作文‘衔接纽带’” 的核心认知。​